Working Towards Carnivore and Livestock Conflict Avoidance

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Its been an eventful week for Western Wildlife Outreach.  We attended the annual meeting of the Interagency Grizzly Bear Committee in Dubois, Wyoming.  Our new WWO Bear Safety Brochure debuted there, and won wide approval.  You will see it distributed at a wide number of locations across the West beginning this summer/fall.

We also benefitted from the sharing of approaches for bear awareness and outreach/education with other NGOs and government wildlife managing agencies.  The State of Wyoming and their partners have done some really innovative projects with small communities such as converting old horse trailers into garbage conveyance trailers for neighborhoods where other “bear aware” approaches to keeping garbage away from bears would not be cost effective.

The good news for bears and their allies in Washington State is that funding is falling into line so that the National Park Service and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service will be able to initiate the NEPA process for preparing an Environmental Impact Statement to address options for Grizzly Bear Recovery in the North Cascades Ecosystem beginning as early as 2014. With perhaps fewer than 20 Grizzly bears remaining in Washington’s North Cascades, the effort cannot happen too soon.

From Dubois, Wyoming we headed back to Ketchum, Idaho, to join up with colleagues working on livestock and wolf conflict avoidance in Idaho and Washington at a two-day training session sponsored by Defenders of Wildlife who have been true pioneers in this field, winning praise from livestock producers, elected officials and wildlife managers alike. It was a “hands on” training session and we visited some beautiful sheep and cattle producing operations where we practiced setting up temporary fladry fencing, and participated in RAG box demonstrations. RAG boxes are noise and light motion-activated wolf deterrent devices that are installed along a fence or fladry line.  They are carefully placed to detect wolves if they approach the enclosure, and when activated, make very loud, disturbing noises accompanied by strobe lights.  When property employed, wolves are dissuaded from venturing near livestock.

Blaine County, Idaho is a unique region of the State where many residents strongly support carnivore and human coexistence  It is also home to the Wood River Wolf Project, where Defenders of Wildlife have worked with local sheep producers and herders to implement conflict avoidance techniques that have resulted in zero sheep losses to wolves in an area where wolves regularly den and have their rendezvous sites. The long-time herder from Peru works with two herding dogs, a livestock guard dog and an extremely well-trained horse.  He moves the sheep herd up and down slope each day so that the sheep can access water, but avoid damage to sensitive stream environments. For much of the year, he lives out on the range with the sheep in a sheep herder’s wagon. At this point, with the active support of Blaine County elected officials, every sheep producer in the County is enrolled in the Wood River Project and actively use carnivore conflict avoidance measures.  Cattle producers in Blaine County are getting on board now as well.

Such techniques are new to Washington State and just beginning to catch on with ranchers in certain areas where wolves are returning to the landscape.  Over the next 12 months and beyond, Western Wildlife Outreach will be partnering with the Department of Fish and Wildlife, Washington State University Extension, Washington Cattlemen’s Association and other NGOs to create a far-reaching program of information, education and technical assistance regarding the proper selection and implementation of a wide variety of effective carnivore conflict avoidance measures such as those used by the Wood River Wolf Project. Carnivore and livestock conflict avoidance practices when done properly are better for the producers’ bottom line, better for the livestock, better for the carnivores. We all win!

Orphaned Cougar Kittens Get New Homes, Provide Education

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RICHARD A. BEAUSOLEIL, Bear / Cougar Specialist, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife

Guest Post

Between 2002 and 2012, 26 orphan cougar cubs have been reported to Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW), captured by staff, and placed with facilities accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) throughout the country (Table 1, Figure 1).  In addition to over 15 million visitors per year at these facilities, innumerable television and newsprint stories have covered the capture, transport, and arrival of these animals reaching out to countless millions more people.  This has not only resulted in high quality cougar educations programs benefiting people who may never have the chance to see a cougar in the wild, but also brought prominent national attention to WDFW.

The process of responding, capturing, providing care until the arrangement are finalized, and transporting animals requires organization, commitment, and on occasion, personal donations of time and money.  In almost all cases, orphaned cougars are reported to WDFW by a member of the public concerned that the animals will not survive on their own.  In many cases, the reports are given without the reporting party knowing the specifics; only that the kittens have been seen for some time without an adult.   If it’s the first sighting, and we do not have background knowledge, we ask that they leave the animals alone and keep us posted; this avoids removing kittens that are not orphaned.  Usually within few days, additional information is obtained and we are more certain that the adult is no longer present and a response is initiated.  In addition to using several types of box traps, kittens have been captured using WDFW’s Karelian Bear Dogs, and also by hand on several occasions.  Once captured, all kittens are tested for FeLV, transported to a veterinarian, given a thorough examination and care is administered if needed and biological measurements are gathered and recorded.  Health certificates are then issued to facilitate transfer.  Many times, kittens need to travel by aircraft to their final destination.  Regulations require an absorbent material be used as a base layer in the crate, windows and doors be covered with breathable burlap, doors securely locked, and food and water provided.  Flights are almost always direct to the destination.  As much as possible, we keep the reporting party involved throughout the process; this had resulted in respect, credibility, and much appreciation.  We acknowledge the assistance of Michelle Schireman, North America Section AZA Felid TAG Puma Population Manager & Regional Studbook Keeper, who has been an invaluable collaborator in placing these animals.

Table 1.  Orphaned cougar kittens donated to AZA accredited organizations from Washington and annual visitation at these facilities, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, 2002-2012.
Date Found

# Kittens

Sex

Age

Location Found

AZA Accredited Facility

Annual Visitation

May 8, 2002

1

M

Unknown

Unknown

Zoo New England, Boston, MA

570,000

August 21, 2004

3

2F, 1M

16 weeks

Duvall

 Memphis Zoo, Memphis, TN

1 million

May 11, 2006

1

F

Unknown

Sequim

Oregon Zoo, Portland, OR

1.5 million

October 15, 2006

1

F

5 weeks

Walla Walla

 San Diego Safari Park, San Diego, CA

1.8 million

February 1, 2007

1

M

8 weeks

Ellensburg

Dakota Zoo, Bismarck, ND

100,000

February 6, 2007

1

F

6 weeks

Ellensburg

 San Diego Zoo, San Diego, CA

4 million

December 5, 2007

1

F

5 weeks

Cle Elum

Topeka Zoo, Topeka, KS

150,000

December 14, 2007

3

2M, 1F

14 weeks

Cle Elum

1 M placed with Henry Dorly Zoo, NE

(2 died of starvation in quarantine)

1 million

January 12, 2008

2

2F

16 weeks

Orondo

Dakota Zoo, Bismarck, ND

100,000

January 18, 2008

1

M

16 weeks

Orondo

Orlando Zoo, Orlando, FL

died in quarantine

April 8, 2008

2

1M, 1F

13 weeks

Teanaway

Audubon Zoo, New Orleans, LA

2 million

March 13, 2010

1

F

14 weeks

Twisp

Northwest Trek, Eatonville, WA

185,000

October 8, 2010

1

M

 

Orondo

Alameda Zoo, Alamagordo, NM

60,000

May 16, 2011

1

F

8 weeks

Twisp

New York State Zoo, New York, NY

died in quarantine

October 30, 2011

2

2M

6 weeks

Shelton

Nashville, Zoo, Nashville, TN

550,000

November 7, 2011

1

F

7 weeks

Shelton

Houston Zoo, Houston, TX

1.6 million

March 23, 2012

1

M

12 weeks

Twisp

Palm Beach Zoo at Dreher Park, Palm Beach, FL

300,000

May 30, 2012

2

1M, 1F

18 weeks

Lake Chelan

Henson Robinson Zoo, Springfield, IL

90,000

Total

26

 

 

 

 

Annual Visitation 15 million+